藥物專區
這篇綜述重點闡述了藻類中具有食用和保健價值的各種長鏈不飽和脂肪酸的研究狀況。
文題：Lipids and lipid metabolism in eukaryotic algae
作者：Guschina, I. A. Harwood, J. L.
雜誌全名：Progress in Lipid Research
年份，卷（期）: 起止頁碼： 2006, Vol 45, No 2, 160-186
英文摘要：
Eukaryotic algae are a very diverse group of organisms which inhabit a huge range of ecosystems from the Antarctic to deserts. They account for over half the primary productivity at the base of the food chain. In recent years studies on the lipid biochemistry of algae has shifted from experiments with a few model organisms to encompass a much larger number of, often unusual, algae. This has led to the discovery of new compounds, including major membrane components, as well as the elucidation of lipid signalling pathways. A major drive in recent research have been attempts to discover genes that code for expression of the various proteins involved in the production of very long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids such as arachidonic, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids. Such work is described here together with information about how environmental factors, such as light, temperature or minerals, can change algal lipid metabolism and how adaptation may take place.
中文譯文：
真核藻類中脂類及其代謝研究綜述
真核藻類是壹大類具有多樣性的種群，它的覆蓋範圍很廣的，棲息地遍及從南極圈到沙漠的各類生態系統。藻類占據了初級生產力的壹半以上，成為食物鏈的基礎。近年來，人們對藻細胞中脂類物質的生化研究已經從很少的幾種模式微生物其他物種拓展，開展了對眾多物種包括壹些非常見藻類的研究。這些研究帶來了許多新的化合物的發現，包括壹些細胞膜的主要組分、以及脂類信號轉導途徑中的重要分子。這些研究的主要目標是尋找這些長鏈不飽和脂肪酸合成蛋白的編碼基因。同時本文中還綜述了環境因子（例如光、溫度、微量元素）對藻類脂肪代謝的影響以及藻細胞的應答機制的相關研究信息。
影響因子（2005） 8.810
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***翻譯了5篇，其中三篇綜述，兩篇研究性文章。都是有關海洋藥物方面的，大部分是海洋抗癌藥物。盡我所能進行了翻譯，部分詞匯查不到中文譯名，就沒有翻譯。
個人認為第四篇文章的水平很高，這時發表在PNAS上面的文章，壹般化學類的文章，JACS（影響因子7左右）是頂級的雜誌了。做的是海洋復雜天然產物的構型構象確定，該化合物是壹個含側鏈的25元環的大環內酯。類似於沙海葵毒素，研究方法也是從結構的片斷開始，逐步確定其立體結構，當然本文所研究的結構沒有沙海葵毒素（由129個碳原子組成的聚醚化合物，分子量為2677，含有40個羥基和8個甲基）那麽復雜。雖然本文沒有確定整個結構的立體結構，但本文的研究為確定該類型化合物的立體結構打下了基礎。
第壹篇（文章類型：Review）
文題：Marine pharmacology in 2003–2004: Anti-tumour and cytotoxic compounds
作者：Alejandro M.S. Mayer, Kirk R. Gustafson
雜誌全名：European Journal of Cancer（IF for 2005：3.706；IF for 2005：3.302）
年份，卷（期）: 起止頁碼：42 (2006 )：2241－2270
英文摘要：During 2003 and 2004, marine pharmacology research directed towards the discovery and development of novel anti-tumour agents was published in 163 peer-reviewed articles. The purpose of this reviewis to present a structured assessment of the anti-tumour and cytotoxic properties of 150 marine natural products, many of which are novel compounds that belong to diverse structural classes, including polyketides, terpenes, steroids and peptides. The organisms yielding these bioactive marine compounds include invertebrate animals, algae, fungi and bacteria. Anti-tumour pharmacological studies were conducted with 31 structurally defined marine natural products in a number of experimental and clinical models that further defined their mechanisms of action. Particularly potent in vitro cytotoxicity data generated with murine and human tumour cell lines was reported for 119 novel marine chemicals with as yet undetermined mechanisms of action. Noteworthy is the fact that marine anti-cancer research was sustained by a global collaborative effort, involving researchers from Australia, Austria, Canada, China, Egypt, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, the Philippines, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Switzerland, Taiwan, Thailand and the United States of America (USA). Finally, this 2003–2004 overview of the marinepharmacology literature highlights the fact that the discovery of novel marine anti-tumour agents continued at the same pace as during 1998–2002.
中文譯文(包括題目)：
2003-2004海洋藥理學：抗腫瘤及細胞毒化合物
2003至2004年度，研究方向為尋找發現新抗腫瘤藥物的海洋藥理學論文總***發表了163篇。 本綜述旨在對大約150個海洋天然產物的抗腫瘤及細胞毒活性進行化學結構上的分析，其中許多化合物屬於不同的結構類型，包括聚酮化合物、帖類、甾體以及多肽。產生這些活性化合物的生物包括無脊椎動物、海藻、真菌和細菌。在大量的實驗及臨床模型上，研究人員對31個結構明確的海洋天然產物進行了抗腫瘤藥理研究，這樣的研究進壹步明確了其作用機制。據報道，***有119種新的海洋化合物在體外對鼠或人類腫瘤細胞有特別強的細胞毒作用，作用機制尚未闡明。值得註意的是，全球許多國家合作進行海洋抗腫瘤藥物研究，包括澳大利亞、奧地利、加拿大、埃及、法國、德國、意大利、日本、墨西哥、荷蘭、新西蘭、新幾內亞、菲律賓、南非、南朝鮮、西班牙、瑞士、臺灣、泰國及美國。最後，2003－2004年的海洋藥理學研究綜述表明發現新抗腫瘤化合物的速度與1998－2002期間壹致。
第二篇（文章類型：Review）
文題：Indole alkaloid marine natural products: An established source of cancer drug leads with considerable promise for the control of parasitic, neurological and other diseases
作者：Waseem Gul, Mark T. Hamann
雜誌全名：Life Sciences（IF for 2005：2.512；IF for 2005：2.158）
年份，卷（期）: 起止頁碼：78 (2005)：442－453
英文摘要：The marine environment produces natural products from a variety of structural classes exhibiting activity against numerous disease targets. Historically marine natural products have largely been explored as anticancer agents. The indole alkaloids are a class of marine natural products that show unique promise in the development of new drug leads. This report reviews the literature on indole alkaloids of marine origin and also highlights our own research. Specific biological activities of indole alkaloids presented here include: cytotoxicity, antiviral, antiparasitic, antiinflammatory, serotonin antagonism, Ca-releasing, calmodulin antagonism, and other pharmacological activities.
中文譯文(包括題目)：
吲哚生物堿海洋天然產物：明確的抗癌藥物先導化合物庫，在治療寄生蟲病、神經病及其它疾病具有良好的前景
海洋產生了大量的各種結構類型的天然產物，它們作用於不同的疾病靶點。歷史上，對海洋天然產物的研究大都是在抗癌方向。海洋中的吲哚類生物堿在作為新藥先導化合物方面，具有獨壹無二的良好前景。本文綜述了有關海洋來源的吲哚生物堿的文獻，同時也包括了我們自己的研究。在這裏，我們展示了吲哚類生物堿的獨特生物活性，包括：細胞毒、抗病毒、抗寄生蟲、抗炎、拮抗5-羥色胺、鈣釋放、拮抗鈣調蛋白及其他藥理活性。
第三篇（文章類型：Review）
文題：Marine natural products as anticancer drugs
作者：T. Luke Simmons, Eric Andrianasolo, Kerry McPhail, Patricia Flatt, and William H. Gerwick
雜誌全名：Molecular Cancer Therapeutics（IF for 2005：5.171；IF for 2004：5.242）
年份，卷（期）: 起止頁碼：2005;4(2)：333–42
英文摘要：The chemical and biological diversity of the marine environment is immeasurable and therefore is an extraordinary resource for the discovery of new anticancer drugs. Recent technological and methodologic advances in structure elucidation, organic synthesis, and biological assay have resulted in the isolation and clinical evaluation of various novel anticancer agents. These compounds range in structural class from simple linear peptides, such as dolastatin 10, to complex macrocyclic polyethers, such as halichondrin B; equally as diverse are the molecular modes of action by which these molecules impart their biological activity. This review highlights several marine natural products and their synthetic derivatives that are currently undergoing clinical evaluation as anticancer drugs.
中文譯文(包括題目)：
作為抗腫瘤藥物的海洋天然產物
海洋環境的化學與生物多樣性是無法衡量的，因此海洋是發現新抗癌藥物的特別資源庫。今年來，結構鑒定、有機合成、生物分析在技術及方法學方面的發展帶動了各種新抗癌藥物的分離及臨床評價。這些化合物的結構各異，從簡單的線性多肽如多拉司他汀10，到復雜的大環聚醚類化合物如軟海綿素B。有如結構差異，這些化合物賴以傳遞作用的分子模式也各不相同。本文綜述了壹些來自海洋的天然產物及其合成衍生物，目前這些化合物正作為抗癌藥進行臨床評價。
第四篇（文章類型：research article）
文題：Synthesis of antimicrofilament marine macrolides: Synthesis and configurational assignment of a C5–C16 degradation fragment of reidispongiolide A
作者：Ian Paterson, Robert Britton, Kate Ashton, Henner Knust, and Jonathan Stafford
雜誌全名：proceedings of the national academy of sciences of the united states of america
年份，卷（期）: 起止頁碼：2004 August 17; 101(33): 11986–11991.
英文摘要：Reidispongiolide A is a representative member of the sphinxolide/reidispongiolide group of cytotoxic 26-membered macrolides of marine origin. By interacting with actin in the cell cytoskeleton, the reidispongiolides and sphinxolides are potent microfilament destabilizing agents that represent a promising mechanism of action for developing novel anticancer drugs. An aldol-based synthesis of a library of diastereomers of C8–C16 and C5–C16 fragments and detailed NMR comparison with a reported degradation fragment enabled a configurational assignment for a major part of the reidispongiolide macrocyclic core, thus setting a solid foundation for ongoing synthetic efforts.
中文譯文(包括題目)：
具抗微絲活性的海洋大環內酯合成：reidispongiolide A分解片斷C5–C16的合成及構象指定
Reidispongiolide A是來自海洋的含sphinxolide/reidispongiolide 基團的26元環大環內酯類化合物的代表。通過與細胞骨架的肌動蛋白相互作用，這些大環內酯類化合物使得微絲失穩，這是研發新抗癌藥物的有望機制。從丁間醇醛開始，合成了C8-C16及C5–C16的非對映體庫，並將其NMR數據與壹已報道的分解片斷進行詳細的比較，從而指定了reidispongiolide大環母核主要部分的構象，為後續的合成工作提供了堅實的基礎。
第五篇（文章類型：research article）
文題：Aureoverticillactam, a novel 22-atom macrocyclic lactam from the marine actinomycete Streptomyces aureoverticillatus.
作者：Scott S. Mitchell, Benjamin Nicholson, Sy Teisan, Kin S. Lam, and Barbara C. M. Potts
雜誌全名：journal of natural products（IF for 2005：2.202； IF for 2004：2.267）
年份，卷（期）: 起止頁碼：2004 Aug;67:1400-2.
英文摘要：During the course of our screening program designed to discover novel anticancer and anti-infective agents from marine microorganisms, a strain of Streptomyces aureoverticillatus (NPS001583) isolated from a marine sediment was found to produce a novel macrocyclic lactam with cytotoxicity against various tumor cell lines. Using extensive MS, UV, and NMR spectral analyses, the structure has been established as compound 1, aureoverticillactam, a 22-atom macrocyclic lactam incorporating both triene and tetraene conjugated olefins.
中文譯文(包括題目)：
由海洋放線菌Streptomyces aureoverticillatus產生的22元環大環內酰胺Aureoverticillactam
在試圖從海洋微生物中篩選得到新抗癌藥物的過程中，我們發現壹株分離自海洋沈積物的鏈酶菌屬放線菌aureoverticillatus (NPS001583) 能產生壹種新的大環內酰胺，其對數種不同的腫瘤細胞都有細胞毒作用。運用包括質譜、紫外及核磁***振的多種光譜分析，解析確定了該化合物1（aureoverticillactam）的結構，是壹個含有***軛三烯和***軛四烯的22元環大環內酰胺。
如果妳英語水平可以的話，可以直接到www.uspto.gov （美國專利網）找找。
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