Monkeypox: a rare virus on the rise
猴痘：這種罕見病毒正在擴散
What is monkeypox?
什麽是猴痘？
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Monkeypox is a virus endemic in parts of Central and West Africa. It is a more benign version of smallpox.
猴痘是壹種在中非和西非部分地區流行的病毒，是壹種更為溫和的“天花”。
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It was discovered in 1958, after outbreaks occurred in monkeys kept for research, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
根據美國疾病預防控制中心（CDC）的資料，猴痘於 1958 年被發現，此前，在壹群用於科研的猴子中，出現了猴痘病毒暴發。
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How many cases have there been this year, and where have they been?
今年已經有多少例猴痘病例？分布在哪裏？
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There have been 38 cases worldwide this year as of Thursday, including 37 with no history of travel to endemic countries, according to the European Center for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). Britain reported an additional 11 cases Friday.
根據歐洲疾病預防控制中心（ECDC）的數據，今年截至周四（5 月 19 日），世界範圍內出現了 38 例猴痘病例，其中 37 例都沒有流行地區的旅行史；周五（5 月 20 日），英國又新增了 11 例。
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What are the symptoms?
猴痘有哪些癥狀？
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Monkeypox creates a rash that starts with flat red marks that become raised and filled with pus. Infected people will also have a fever and body aches.
猴痘會產生壹種皮疹，它壹開始是平整的紅色斑點，而後逐漸隆起，內部充滿膿液。感染者還會發燒並感到身體疼痛。
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The CDC says there is "no proven, safe treatment" for monkeypox, but the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved the use of smallpox vaccines and antiviral treatments to control outbreaks.
CDC 表示，“目前沒有已證實的、安全的治療手段”可以應對猴痘，但是美國食品藥品監督管理局（FDA）已經批準使用天花疫苗和抗病毒療法來控制猴痘暴發。
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How infectious is it?
猴痘的傳染性有多強？
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Typically it does not lead to major outbreaks — in most years there are just a handful of cases outside Africa, if any.
通常來說，猴痘病毒不會引起大規模的暴發；絕大多數時候，在非洲以外的地區，都只有零星幾例，或者壓根沒有。
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"Most cases presented with lesions on the genitalia or peri-genital area, indicating that transmission likely occurs during close physical contact during sexual activities," ECDC said Friday.
ECDC 在周五時表示：“大部分病人在外生殖器或附近區域都出現了傷口，這表明猴痘的傳播可能發生在親密的身體接觸或者性行為中。”
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Should I be worried?
我該擔心嗎？
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The likelihood of the virus being spread during sexual contact is high, but the risk of transmission from other forms of close contact is low, ECDC said.
ECDC 表示，猴痘通過性傳播的幾率較高，但通過其他密切接觸而傳播的風險較低。
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The symptoms are typically mild, and most people recover within weeks, but the virus has had a fatality rate of about 3.3% in Nigeria, with children, young adults and immunocompromised people most susceptible.
猴痘的癥狀通常都是輕微的，絕大多數人會在幾周內痊愈，不過在尼日利亞，猴痘以往的致死率大約是 3.3%，兒童、年輕人和免疫力受損人群是最容易感染的。
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主編：XP、Lucky
品控：XP、Luni
審核：Lucky
重點詞匯
on the rise
增多
相關詞匯：rise（n. 上升）
同義詞：increasing
例句：Prices were on the rise.
endemic
/en?dem.?k/
adj. 地區性的
相關詞匯：pandemic（adj.（疾病）全球流行的……）
詞根詞綴：pan-（all，泛）
派生詞：pan-American
詞根詞綴：dēmos（people，人；district，地區）
詞根詞綴：en-（in）
benign
/b?na?n/
adj. 溫和的，無害的
近義詞：kind，gentle，harmless
outbreak
/?a?t.bre?k/
n. 暴發
相關詞匯：break out
例句：Forest fires have broken out across Australia.
搭配短語：the outbreak of forest fires
as of
截止……；從……開始
rash
/r?/
n. 皮疹
例句：I come out in a rash if I eat shrimps.
pus
/p?s/
n. 膿液
infect
/?n?fekt/
v. 感染；（電腦）感染病毒
例句：A single mosquito can infect a large number of people.
例句：This virus infected thousands of computers within days.
approve
/?pru?v/
v. 批準，認可；同意
搭配短語：approve of（同意）
例句：I approved of the proposal.
例句：The parliament approved the budget.
antiviral
/?n.t?i?va?.r?l/
adj. 抗病毒的
詞根詞綴：anti-（反）
相關詞匯：virus（n. 病毒）
相關詞匯：viral（adj. 病毒的）
a handful of
很少
相關詞匯：handful（壹把）
搭配短語：a small handful of fresh coriander
近義詞：a small number of，a few
if any
（很少）或者根本沒有
例句：There are few if any details about the accident.
lesion
/?li?.?n/
n. 傷口
近義詞：injury，wound
搭配短語：skin lesions，brain lesions
peri
/?per.i/
prefix. 周圍
英文釋義：around
派生詞：perimeter
詞根詞綴：meter（measure，衡量）
transmission
/tr?n?sm?.?n/
n. 傳染
相關詞匯：transmit（v. 傳播疾病；傳播聲音；傳遞知識；傳播信號）
例句：The bones transmit sound waves to the inner ear.
例句：Knowledge is transmitted from teacher to pupil.
例句：The game was transmitted live in Spain and Italy.
likelihood
/?la?.kli.h?d/
n. 可能性
相關詞匯：likely（adj. 可能的）
近義詞：possibility
fatality
/f?t?l.?.t?i/
n.（意外、戰爭、疾病造成的）死亡
相關詞匯：fatal（adj. 致命的）
例句：He suffered from a fatal heart attack.
相關表達：He died of a heart attack.
immunocompromised
/?m.j?no?kɑ?m.pr?.ma?zd/
adj. 免疫力受損的
相關詞匯：immune（adj. 有免疫力的）
例句：I'm immune to this disease.
相關詞匯：compromise（v. 妥協；受損）
例句：We compromised on 50 yuan.
例句：Financial pressures could compromise safety.
相關詞匯：immunocompromisation（n. 免疫缺陷）
同義詞：immunodeficiency（即 HIV 中的 I）
susceptible
/s?sep.t?.b?l/
adj. 易感染的；容易動搖的，多情的
搭配短語：be susceptible to
例句：Older people are more susceptible to infections.